In the data-based individualization (DBI) framework, when a student demonstrates limited response to a validated intervention delivered with fidelity, educators use diagnostic data to determine how to intensify instruction. Analyzing student writing provides one source of informal diagnostic data to identify skill gaps and inform instructional adjustments. Writing skills analysis involves examining student writing to (a) identify common error patterns and (b) use that information to align instruction with the student’s needs. Analyzing Student Writing to Inform Instruction Related ResourcesFind additional resources related to using diagnostic data to develop a hypothesis.

In this video, educators and IDEC leaders share how DBI and partnering with NCII helped to improve their ability to analyze data, make data-based intensification decisions, communicate with other educators and families, and ultimately improve outcomes for students with dyslexia.

This module focuses on collecting informal diagnostic data to guide intensification decisions within the DBI process.

This staff story features Dr. Jon Potter as he shares how the question "How can schools use data to make better decisions and improve outcomes for students?" drives his work.

When interventions aren't producing the desired outcomes, it's tempting to abandon an entire approach rather than identify what's working, what's not, and what needs to be intensified or adapted. In this NCII Staff Story, Caitlyn Majeika shares her perspective on how DBI can help address this challenge.

In this webinar, Dr. Katie Valentine presents a step-by-step process for analyzing errors in a student’s writing and demonstrates how educators can use information from error analysis to make data-informed decisions about how to intensify instruction and better align intervention supports with individual student needs.

In this webinar, Drs. Sarah Powell and Alison Hardy present a step-by-step process for analyzing errors in a student’s mathematics work and demonstrate how educators can use information from error analysis to make data-informed decisions about how to intensify instruction and better align intervention supports with individual student needs.

In this webinar, Dr. Jessica Toste presents a step-by-step process for analyzing errors in a student’s oral reading. She demonstrates how educators can use information from error analysis to make data-informed decisions about how to intensify instruction and better align intervention supports with individual student needs.

This webinar provides an overview of the role diagnostic data plays in adjusting instruction and intervention within the data-based individualization (DBI) process.

The annual report summarizes NCII’s progress toward meeting project goals during the fourth year of project funding (October 2024-September 2025).