This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students practice counting skills such as identifying a set within a set of objects, correspondence, and counting on in order to determine the cardinality of a set of objects.
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This video uses manipulatives to review common counting errors that many students who struggle with counting exhibit. When students make counting errors such as coordination errors, omission errors, and double counting errors, it suggests that they do not have a solid foundation of one-to-one correspondence with counting. Allowing students multiple opportunities to practice counting with a set of objects presented in a line will help students refine skills in correspondence. Students may also commit errors related to reciting the correct counting sequence. If students have not mastered the stable orders of numbers, they will not be able to correctly apply other counting skills; therefore, students should be provided with multiple opportunities to practice the verbal count sequence.
This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to provide students with multiple opportunities to practice counting skills such as rote counting, correspondence, and cardinality.
This video uses manipulatives to review the five counting principles including stable order, correspondence, cardinality, abstraction, and order irrelevance.
This video demonstrates how to use fraction tiles and the set model to convert mixed numbers to improper fractions. It is important that students have the opportunity to convert fractions using both models of representation.
This video demonstrates how to use the set model to convert mixed numbers to improper fractions. It is important that students are exposed to converting fractions using this model because it is often how fractions are represented in the real world. Beginners and students who struggle may find the set model difficult to understand because the whole (1) is represented by a set of chips (4 chips in this example); therefore, students will benefit from explicit modeling and several opportunities to engage in guided and independent practice.
This video demonstrates different partitioning strategies that students can use to multiply fractions. Partitioning refers to dividing a shape, such as a rectangle, into equal pieces. In area models and length models, the total number of equally partitioned pieces represents the denominator of the product. Students can practice multiplying nonequivalent fractions using an area model without concrete materials, such as by creating a grid using paper and pencil, or with concrete materials such as fraction grids. Students should also have the opportunity to practice multiplication using fraction tiles and length model.
This video demonstrates how to use the set model to multiply equivalent fractions. Before students can multiple fractions they should understand the concepts of repeated addition and grouping as it is used with multiplication of whole numbers. Teachers should carefully model multiplication using the set model as students have to understand that when re-grouping the parts of the fractions, they need to keep the denominator the same. The set model is also a useful strategy for introducing how to multiply fractions that are not equivalent; so, students may benefit from multiple opportunities to practice with equivalent fractions first.
This video demonstrates how to use fraction tiles to multiply a fraction and whole number. Students should have experience with determining the fraction of a whole (2 x 2/3) before being introduced to determining the fraction of a fraction (2/3 x 3/4). Before students multiply fractions, they should understand the concepts of repeated addition and grouping as it is used with multiplication of whole numbers. Teachers can model how to create equivalent groups (such as two groups of 2/3). Students can then use skills of addition and converting improper fractions to mixed numbers to find the product.
This video demonstrates how to use the set model to subtract fractions with unlike denominators. Students need to have the prerequisite conceptual knowledge of finding like denominators before they can apply subtraction strategies to fractions with unlike denominators.