This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students practice correspondence and tracking objects as objects are counted in different ways. When children understand that objects may be counted in any order (e.g., left-to-right, right-to-left, in a random fashion) they have developed an understanding of the order irrelevance counting principle. Counting objects in many different ways also allows students to practice tracking objects as the objects are counted to make sure that each objects is counted once and only once, regardless of the order in which the object is counted.
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This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students practice number relations skills. When numbers are represented with manipulatives as sets, students develop a concrete understanding for comparing quantities. Students must possess a deep understanding of number relation skill including identifying more, less, and equal quantities prior to mastering higher-level skills such as number operations.
This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students practice solving story problems that require the use of counting skills such as correspondence, cardinality, and counting on. When students practice solving story problems with manipulatives, they are able to apply mathematics skills, such as counting, in a real-world context. The application of strategies and skills in a real-world context makes learned mathematics knowledge meaningful.
This video illustrates the use of an efficient counting on strategy that students may practice to solve simple addition problems without the use of manipulatives. When students use a counting on strategy to solve an addition problem, they must be able to hold one number in working memory; however, an important working memory strategy to teach students and allow students to practice includes using fingers to track counting. Counting on is an efficient strategy that students may use to quickly determine the solution to an addition problem. With enough practice opportunities students will soon be able to perform simple arithmetic without the use of working memory strategies such as finger counting.
This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students practice counting skills such as correspondence and cardinality. When students practice counting with manipulatives they learn to recognize that number names are stated in a standard order, each number word is paired with one and only one object, and the last number stated in the sequence tells the number of total objects counted in the set. It is important for students to master skills such as correspondence and cardinality, because a strong foundation in counting is necessary for students to learn other skills such as number relations.
This video shows how manipulatives can be used to explain addition using a part-part-whole structure.
This video uses manipulatives to review the five counting principles including stable order, correspondence, cardinality, abstraction, and order irrelevance.
This video demonstrates how to use fraction tiles and the set model to convert mixed numbers to improper fractions. It is important that students have the opportunity to convert fractions using both models of representation.
This video demonstrates how to use the set model to convert mixed numbers to improper fractions. It is important that students are exposed to converting fractions using this model because it is often how fractions are represented in the real world. Beginners and students who struggle may find the set model difficult to understand because the whole (1) is represented by a set of chips (4 chips in this example); therefore, students will benefit from explicit modeling and several opportunities to engage in guided and independent practice.
This video demonstrates different partitioning strategies that students can use to multiply fractions. Partitioning refers to dividing a shape, such as a rectangle, into equal pieces. In area models and length models, the total number of equally partitioned pieces represents the denominator of the product. Students can practice multiplying nonequivalent fractions using an area model without concrete materials, such as by creating a grid using paper and pencil, or with concrete materials such as fraction grids. Students should also have the opportunity to practice multiplication using fraction tiles and length model.