This video illustrates the use of finger counting to count by tens and ones.
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This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students develop fluency in counting by tens and ones.
This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students integrate the concept of counting by ones with skill in grouping by tens.
This video illustrates how to use the traditional algorithm to solve subtraction with regrouping. The traditional algorithm focuses on digit placement and requires that students move right to left to correctly perform the operation. Before students are introduced to the standard addition algorithm, it is important that they have a conceptual understanding of regrouping. This will allow students to correctly use the algorithm when they exchange 10 ones in the ones place value column with 1 ten in the tens place value column. It is important for students to know and understand how to use the traditional algorithm because it is an efficient strategy to use if regrouping is required, when numbers have varying numbers of digits, and when the numbers included are too large to reasonably use other strategies (e.g., partial differences can become confusing for students who do not understand negative integers).
This video illustrates the use of an efficient counting on strategy that students may practice to solve simple addition problems without the use of manipulatives. When students use a counting on strategy to solve an addition problem, they must be able to hold one number in working memory; however, an important working memory strategy to teach students and allow students to practice includes using fingers to track counting. Counting on is an efficient strategy that students may use to quickly determine the solution to an addition problem. With enough practice opportunities students will soon be able to perform simple arithmetic without the use of working memory strategies such as finger counting.
This video uses manipulatives to review the five counting principles including stable order, correspondence, cardinality, abstraction, and order irrelevance.
This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students practice counting skills such as identifying a set within a set of objects, correspondence, and counting on in order to determine the cardinality of a set of objects.
This video uses manipulatives to review common counting errors that many students who struggle with counting exhibit. When students make counting errors such as coordination errors, omission errors, and double counting errors, it suggests that they do not have a solid foundation of one-to-one correspondence with counting. Allowing students multiple opportunities to practice counting with a set of objects presented in a line will help students refine skills in correspondence. Students may also commit errors related to reciting the correct counting sequence. If students have not mastered the stable orders of numbers, they will not be able to correctly apply other counting skills; therefore, students should be provided with multiple opportunities to practice the verbal count sequence.
This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to provide students with multiple opportunities to practice counting skills such as rote counting, correspondence, and cardinality.
This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students practice correspondence and tracking objects as objects are counted in different ways. When children understand that objects may be counted in any order (e.g., left-to-right, right-to-left, in a random fashion) they have developed an understanding of the order irrelevance counting principle. Counting objects in many different ways also allows students to practice tracking objects as the objects are counted to make sure that each objects is counted once and only once, regardless of the order in which the object is counted.