This video shows how manipulatives can be used to explain how different combinations of numbers make 10. When students practice putting together and taking apart numbers with manipulatives in different ways they develop a conceptual understanding for composing and decomposing and how numbers are related to one another. Understanding number combinations allows students to develop fluency skills with other operations and assists students with problem solving.
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This video shows how manipulatives can be used to explain multiplicative problem structures to students who are just beginning to use multiplication strategies.
This video shows how manipulatives can be used to explain addition using a part-part-whole structure.
This video illustrates the use of an efficient counting on strategy that students may practice to solve simple addition problems without the use of manipulatives. When students use a counting on strategy to solve an addition problem, they must be able to hold one number in working memory; however, an important working memory strategy to teach students and allow students to practice includes using fingers to track counting. Counting on is an efficient strategy that students may use to quickly determine the solution to an addition problem. With enough practice opportunities students will soon be able to perform simple arithmetic without the use of working memory strategies such as finger counting.
This video illustrates the use of an efficient counting on strategy that students may practice to solve simple subtraction problems without the use of manipulatives.
This video uses manipulatives to review the five counting principles including stable order, correspondence, cardinality, abstraction, and order irrelevance.
This video demonstrates how to use fraction tiles and the set model to convert mixed numbers to improper fractions. It is important that students have the opportunity to convert fractions using both models of representation.
This video demonstrates how to use the set model to convert mixed numbers to improper fractions. It is important that students are exposed to converting fractions using this model because it is often how fractions are represented in the real world. Beginners and students who struggle may find the set model difficult to understand because the whole (1) is represented by a set of chips (4 chips in this example); therefore, students will benefit from explicit modeling and several opportunities to engage in guided and independent practice.
This video demonstrates different partitioning strategies that students can use to multiply fractions. Partitioning refers to dividing a shape, such as a rectangle, into equal pieces. In area models and length models, the total number of equally partitioned pieces represents the denominator of the product. Students can practice multiplying nonequivalent fractions using an area model without concrete materials, such as by creating a grid using paper and pencil, or with concrete materials such as fraction grids. Students should also have the opportunity to practice multiplication using fraction tiles and length model.
This video demonstrates how to use the set model to multiply equivalent fractions. Before students can multiple fractions they should understand the concepts of repeated addition and grouping as it is used with multiplication of whole numbers. Teachers should carefully model multiplication using the set model as students have to understand that when re-grouping the parts of the fractions, they need to keep the denominator the same. The set model is also a useful strategy for introducing how to multiply fractions that are not equivalent; so, students may benefit from multiple opportunities to practice with equivalent fractions first.