This collection highlights a sampling of articles focused on intensive intervention and data-based individualization (DBI). Although there is a wealth of research on key components of the DBI process (e.g., progress monitoring, validated intervention programs), this list is not intended to include articles that focus on specific steps in the DBI process, nor is it an exhaustive review of all available literature. In the list below, we highlight seminal research on DBI and articles published since 2011, when NCII was first funded.

In Module 3 of the Intensive Intervention in Mathematics Course Content we emphasize the necessity for using evidence-based interventions or strategies as the starting point of instruction within intensive intervention. In this module, educators will learn about: (1) The umbrella term of evidence-based practices and different types of evidence-based practices; (2) Where to locate evidence-based practices; (3) How to design the instructional platform for use within intensive intervention.

In this video, Ralph P. Ferretti, Professor of Education and Psychological & Brain Sciences at the University of Delaware explain why it is important to consider both the study quality and the study results when determining the evidence base of an intervention. 

Module 4 of the Intensive Intervention in Mathematics Course Content focuses on the delivery of the instructional platform. We rely on evidence-based strategies to inform how teachers should deliver the instructional platform.

Diagnostic tools provide data to assist educators in designing individualized instruction and intensifying intervention for students who do not respond to validated intervention programs. Diagnostic tools can be either informal, which are easy-to-use tools that can be administered with little training, or standardized, which must be delivered in a standard way by trained staff. Teams may find it helpful to initially consider using more informal and easily accessible diagnostic tools and data to avoid loss of instructional time. Standardized diagnostic tools, which require more time to administer and interpret, may be required for students who continually demonstrate a lack of response or who require special education.

This page is intended to help trainers and coaches find materials, resources, and tools to support intensive intervention implementation at the building, district and/or state levels. Trainers and coaches provide professional development supports.  

This guide is intended to accompany the sample literacy lessons and activities on the NCII website. It is divided into four sections covering the five components of reading, instructional principles of reading instruction intervention, how to use the NCII reading lessons, and additional resources.

Assessment is an essential part of the data-based individualization (DBI) process and a multi-tiered system of support (MTSS). Without technically sound assessment, which provides accurate, meaningful information, a teacher has no objective method for determining what a student needs or how to intensify instruction to meet those needs. The close connection between assessment and intervention is at the foundation of the DBI process. This connection is what drives teacher decision making. With the right assessment tools and guidance on how to use them, teachers can make sound, data-based decisions about who needs intensive intervention, when to make instructional changes, and what skills to focus on. In the tables below, find resources to support the selection and evaluation of screening, progress monitoring and diagnostic assessments.

This page is intended to help state and local leaders, including school, district, and state administrators and staff responsible for leading multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) and special education initiatives, find tools and resources to support data-based individualization (DBI) implementation.  

This training module demonstrates how academic progress monitoring fits into the Data-Based Individualization (DBI) process by (a) providing approaches and tools for academic progress monitoring and (b) showing how to use progress monitoring data to set ambitious goals, make instructional decisions, and plan programs for individual students with intensive needs.