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Within the data-based individualization (DBI) framework, educators may use the Taxonomy of Intervention Intensity to guide the adaptation of an intervention. One dimension that educators may intensify is the dosage of the intervention, which refers to the number of opportunities the student has to respond and receive feedback from the teacher. Although dosage may be increased by extending the length or frequency of intervention sessions, it can also be enhanced by embedding more opportunities to respond (OTRs) within existing instructional time. Providing frequent OTRs is associated with increased student engagement, reductions in problem behavior, and improved academic outcomes. This guide provides an overview of OTRs and guidance for using them as an instructional adaptation to increase dosage within the DBI framework. 

The accompanying handout highlights response formats that can be used to enhance OTRs. The handout provides examples of common response formats (e.g., written, action, verbal) teachers can use to elicit OTRs during instruction. Each format includes guidance for when to use it and key considerations for implementation.