This video shows how to use the set model to represent fractions, such as 1/2. In the set model, the whole is represented by a set of objects, such as two-colored chips. Individual chips within the set, represent the fractional parts. It is important that students be exposed to the set model because fractions in real-world settings are often represented this way.
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This video demonstrates how to use fraction circles to help students compare the value of several fractions with different numerators and denominators. The use of direct modeling with concrete manipulatives, such as fractions circles, allows students to develop conceptual understanding of fractions before they attempt to compare fractions without concrete manipulatives or pictorial representations. After students have had multiple opportunities to practice comparing fractions with concrete manipulatives, they may be ready to use other strategies such as mental images and reasoning strategies.
This video demonstrates how to use fraction circles to compare the value of fractions with unlike denominators. This example compares 5/6 and 5/8. In this example students can see that 5/6 is greater than 5/8. This will help them understand that although 8 is larger than 6, sixths are larger than eighths in fractions. Using fractions circles allows students to develop a solid conceptual understanding of how to compare fractions correctly.
This video demonstrates how to use different types of concrete manipulatives, such as fraction circles and Cuisenaire Rods, to compare fractions with like denominators. When students use models to compare fractions, they can place them side-by-side to determine which fraction represents a greater value. For students who struggle with visually comparing values, consider teaching them how to stack Cuisenaire Rods for a direct comparison. Note that, in this video with the fraction circles, the sets of fractions circles are not the same size. This may confuse some students, so it may be important to use identical sets of fraction circles.
This video demonstrates how to use fraction tiles to explore how different fractions can be equivalent to the same value, such as 1/2. It is important for students to understand that fractions have multiple representations because they can apply this knowledge to compare fractions, especially fractions with unlike denominators. For example, students can use the benchmark of 1/2 to determine that 1/4 is less than 4/6 by knowing that the equivalent fractions of 1/2 include 2/4 and 3/6.
This video demonstrates how to use fraction tiles to explore how fractions such as 4/4 are equivalent to 1. Before fractions are introduced in the curriculum, students use integers, which only have one value associated with the numeral or number word. Fractions may be the first time that students are introduced to the possibility that the same quantity can be represented with different representations, such as one whole and four fourths. Using models allows students to practice finding equivalent fractions, which is a prerequisite skill for performing computation with fractions.
This video demonstrates how to use fraction tiles to explore how different fractions can be equivalent to the same value, such as 1/5 and 2/10. It is important for students to understand that fractions have multiple representations because they can apply this knowledge to compare fractions, find common denominators, and perform computation with fractions.
This video illustrates the use of an efficient counting on strategy that students may practice to solve simple addition problems without the use of manipulatives. When students use a counting on strategy to solve an addition problem, they must be able to hold one number in working memory; however, an important working memory strategy to teach students and allow students to practice includes using fingers to track counting. Counting on is an efficient strategy that students may use to quickly determine the solution to an addition problem. With enough practice opportunities students will soon be able to perform simple arithmetic without the use of working memory strategies such as finger counting.
This video illustrates the use of an efficient counting on strategy that students may practice to solve simple subtraction problems without the use of manipulatives.
This video describes how to use the partial sums strategy with addition. The problem in this video requires regrouping; however, the partial sums strategy eliminates the regrouping procedure. The partial sums strategy is typically performed left to right and focuses on adding only part of each multi-digit number at a time (e.g., only adding digits in the hundreds column to determine the partial sum of hundreds, followed by only adding digits in the tens column to determine the partial sum of tens, and so on). It may be especially important for students to know and understand the partial sums strategies if they have not yet developed an understanding for regrouping. This strategy is also efficient when all or most of the numbers have the same number of digits.
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