This video describes how to use the partial sums strategy with addition. The problem in this video requires regrouping; however, the partial sums strategy eliminates the regrouping procedure. The partial sums strategy is typically performed left to right and focuses on adding only part of each multi-digit number at a time (e.g., only adding digits in the hundreds column to determine the partial sum of hundreds, followed by only adding digits in the tens column to determine the partial sum of tens, and so on). It may be especially important for students to know and understand the partial sums strategies if they have not yet developed an understanding for regrouping. This strategy is also efficient when all or most of the numbers have the same number of digits.
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This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students practice comparing quantities that are grouped as tens and ones. When numbers are represented with manipulatives organized as tens and ones, students develop a concrete understanding for using place value to comparing quantities. Students also benefit from multiple opportunities to talk about mathematics and use appropriate mathematics vocabulary such as “greater than” and “less than.”
This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students develop understanding of the base-10 system.
This video illustrates the use of finger counting to count by tens and ones.
This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students develop fluency in counting by tens and ones.
This video illustrates the use of manipulatives to help students integrate the concept of counting by ones with skill in grouping by tens.
This video illustrates the use of an efficient counting on strategy that students may practice to solve simple subtraction problems without the use of manipulatives.
This video illustrates the use of an efficient counting on strategy that students may practice to solve simple addition problems without the use of manipulatives. When students use a counting on strategy to solve an addition problem, they must be able to hold one number in working memory; however, an important working memory strategy to teach students and allow students to practice includes using fingers to track counting. Counting on is an efficient strategy that students may use to quickly determine the solution to an addition problem. With enough practice opportunities students will soon be able to perform simple arithmetic without the use of working memory strategies such as finger counting.
This video uses manipulatives to review the five counting principles including stable order, correspondence, cardinality, abstraction, and order irrelevance.
This video shows how manipulatives can be used to explain how different combinations of numbers make 10. When students practice putting together and taking apart numbers with manipulatives in different ways they develop a conceptual understanding for composing and decomposing and how numbers are related to one another. Understanding number combinations allows students to develop fluency skills with other operations and assists students with problem solving.